Resumo A porção noroeste da ecorregião Floresta Atlântica do Alto Paraná é uma das mais alteradas e fragmentadas da Mata Atlântica, da qual pouco se sabe sobre a avifauna local. Nosso objetivo foi descrever a diversidade e composição da avifauna aquática, bem como analisar os padrões de similaridade quanto a distribuição temporal e espacial destas aves nesta ecorregião. Utilizamos a transecção linear para amostragem em seis áreas úmidas (corpos d’água lênticos e lóticos), nos períodos de seca e chuva entre 2012 e 2013. Registramos 52 espécies de aves aquáticas e as riquezas das áreas mostraram-se distintas, pois apenas Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758), Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert, 1783), Rosthramus sociabilis (Vieillot, 1817), Aramus guarauna (Linnaeus, 1766), Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782), Jacana jacana (Linnaeus, 1766), and Arundinicola leucocephala (Linnaeus, 1764) foram comuns às seis áreas, o que indica seleção de habitat. Quando analisada a composição das aves nos dois períodos aliada à distribuição espacial, encontramos dissimilaridades temporais acentuadas entre os ambientes com características lóticas (rio e aterro) e lênticas (lagoas). Isto mostra que, além das diferentes épocas sazonais, é necessário analisar separadamente os diferentes tipos de áreas úmidas. Por fim, apesar da extensão pequena e baixa riqueza total, a área amostrada abrigou 1/3 das aves aquáticas de água doce para o estado de São Paulo, cinco espécies migratórias e 11 novas espécies para o noroeste do estado. A heterogeneidade de ambientes aquáticos locais, forte seleção de habitat aliada à sazonalidade e ausência de outros locais úmidos em seu entorno, explicam a diversidade e distribuição destas aves estreitamente relacionadas aos corpos d’água desta desconhecida ecorregião da Mata Atlântica.

Abstract The northwestern portion of the Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest ecoregion is one of the most disturbed and fragmented areas in the Atlantic Forest, and little is known about the local avifauna. In this study, we have described the composition and diversity of the aquatic avifauna of this region and analyzed the patterns of similarity with respect to the seasonal as well as spatial distribution. We used the line transect sampling technique in six distinct humid areas (including lentic and lotic water bodies) during the dry and rainy seasons of 2012 and 2013. A total of 52 species of waterfowl were recorded. The species richness of the studied areas was surprisingly distinct; only seven waterfowl species, namely Cairina moschata (Linnaeus, 1758), Tigrisoma lineatum (Boddaert, 1783), Rosthramus sociabilis (Vieillot, 1817), Aramus guarauna (Linnaeus, 1766), Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782), Jacana jacana (Linnaeus, 1766), and Arundinicola leucocephala (Linnaeus, 1764), were common to these six studied areas. This indicated that the other bird species that were observed might be habitat selective. Moreover, the analysis of the composition of birds in the two seasons (dry and rainy) combined with their spatial distributions showed significant dissimilarities between the areas with lotic (river and constructed wetland) and lentic (lagoons) characteristics. Nevertheless, despite the small extent and low total richness of the entire study area, it was found to be home to 1/3 of all freshwater aquatic birds documented in the state of São Paulo, with the record of 5 migratory species and 11 new species added to the northwest of the state. The heterogeneity of local aquatic environments, habitat selection combined with seasonality, and the absence of other humid locations in the surroundings can explain the diversity and distribution of these birds in the water bodies of this uninvestigated Atlantic Forest ecoregion.

Abstract Introduction: The coastal wetland Poza de La Arenilla (HCPA), located in Callao (Peru), is an important resting and roosting habitat for aquatic birds, including the family Laridae. However, the wetland is suffering critical degradation due to the development of anthropogenic activities. Objective: To evaluate the spatiotemporal distribution of aquatic birds of the family Laridae reported at HCPA seasonally during the period 2013-2018. Methods: Biweekly sampling was carried out in 11 delimited zones in HCPA between January 2013 and December 2018, during morning and afternoon hours using the total count method. Results: A total of 12 species of Laridae birds were recorded. Leucophaeus pipixcan is the most dominant species in most of the studied zones and its presence is highlighted in summer and spring. The species with the greatest distribution in the wetland was L. pipixcan, Larus dominicanus, and Larus belcheri, which were reported in all the zones studied. The highest average total abundance of species was recorded in summer, while the lowest in winter. A gradual increase in the average abundance of aquatic birds was observed, with these increases being noticeable between the springs and summers from one year to the following. Also, overall richness of the larids was observed to decrease throughout the period evaluated. A similar seasonal variation pattern of the Shannon diversity index (H’) was observed from one year to the following, due the fact that Laridae are migratory, and a tendency for the index to decrease with the passage of time. Conclusions: The HCPA plays a key role for the aquatic birds of the region. The presence of five migratory and seven resident species of Laridae has been recorded, which show spatial preferences in different areas of the wetland. Despite a decrease in overall species richness over time, the average abundance of Laridae birds is increasing.

Resumen Introducción: El humedal costero Poza de La Arenilla (HCPA), Callao, Perú, es un hábitat importante para el descanso y reposo de aves acuáticas, entre ellas la familia Laridae. Sin embargo, el humedal está sufriendo una degradación crítica debido al desarrollo de actividades antropogénicas. Objetivo: Evaluar la distribución espacio-temporal de las aves acuáticas de la familia Laridae reportadas en HCPA según la temporada del año entre 2013 y 2018. Métodos: Se realizaron muestreos quincenales en 11 zonas delimitadas de HCPA de enero 2013 a diciembre 2018, durante la mañana y la tarde, mediante el método de recuento total. Resultados: Se registraron 12 especies de la familia Laridae. Leucophaeus pipixcan fue la especie de mayor dominancia en la mayoría de las zonas estudiadas y su presencia se destaca en verano y primavera. Las especies con mayor distribución en el humedal son L. pipixcan, Larus dominicanus y Larus belcheri, que se registraron en todas las zonas estudiadas. La mayor abundancia total promedio de especies se registró en verano y la menor en invierno. Se observó un aumento gradual de la abundancia promedio de aves, siendo estos aumentos notables entre primavera y verano de un año a otro. Además, se observó una disminución de la riqueza global de los láridos durante el periodo evaluado. Se observó un patrón de variación estacional del índice de diversidad de Shannon-Weaver (H’) similar de un año a otro, debido a que los láridos son aves migratorias, y una tendencia a la disminución del índice con el paso del tiempo. Conclusiones: El HCPA desempeña un papel fundamental para la avifauna acuática de la región. Se ha registrado la presencia de cinco especies migratorias y siete residentes de esta familia, las cuales muestran preferencias espaciales en diferentes zonas del humedal. A pesar de que se observa una disminución en la riqueza global de las especies en el tiempo, la abundancia promedio de aves aumenta.

Resumen Introducción: La migración es un fenómeno natural que incluye los movimientos anuales de muchas especies de aves en respuesta a los ciclos estacionales. Con aproximadamente un tercio de todas las especies de aves conocidas, América del Sur tiene una avifauna importante y muchas aves migratorias tienen puntos de parada e invernada en Brasil. Objetivo: Identificar asociaciones entre las aves migratorias y la vegetación costera, y la influencia del medio ambiente en la migración. Métodos: En 10 puntos a lo largo de la costa del Estado de Piauí, Brasil, realizamos censos visuales y capturas con redes de niebla, entre abril 2009 y febrero 2016. Resultados: Identificamos 82 especies de aves migratorias (13 órdenes; 28 familias) que representaron 41 especies migratorias intracontinentales, 26 especies visitantes del norte, 14 especies nómadas y una especie vagante. Los picos de riqueza se dieron al principio y al final de las estaciones seca y lluviosa, coincidiendo con la insolación y la presión atmosférica. Hubo diferencias en el patrón espacial entre los complejos de vegetación. Chrysolampis mosquitus es un indicador de vegetación de caatinga, Numenius phaeopus de humedales, Charadrius collaris de campos que no se inundan, Rostrhamus sociabilis de transición bosque-pastizales y Columbina picui de huertos. A pesar de las diferencias en el número y composición de especies dentro de los tipos de vegetación, el patrón temporal en la riqueza de especies fue similar entre las categorías de campos inundados, campos no inundados y pastizales de transición. Conclusiones: Las aves migratorias ocupan ambientes específicos durante su permanencia a lo largo de la costa del estado de Piauí, con una riqueza acorde con la insolación y la presión atmosférica.

Abstract Introduction: Migration is a natural phenomenon that includes annual movements of many bird species in response to seasonal cycles. With approximately one third of all living bird species, South America has an important avifauna, and many migrants land in Brazil at stopping points and wintering sites. Objective: To identify associations between migrant birds and coastal vegetation, and environmental influence of on migration. Methods: At 10 points along the coast of Piauí State, Brazil, we made visual censuses and mist net captures, between April 2009 and February 2016. Results: We identified 82 migrant bird species (13 orders; 28 families) that represented 41 intracontinental migrating species, 26 northern visiting species, 14 nomad species and one vagrant species. The richness peaks were at the beginning and end of both dry and rainy seasons, matching insolation and atmospheric pressure. There were spatial pattern differences among vegetation complexes. Chrysolampis mosquitus is an indicator of caatinga vegetation, Numenius phaeopus of wetland, Charadrius collaris of non-flooding fields, Rostrhamus sociabilis of forest-grassland transition, and Columbina picui of orchards. Despite differences in number and species composition within vegetation types, the temporal pattern in species richness was similar among flooded fields, non-flooded fields, and transition grassland categories. Conclusions: Migrant birds occupy specific environments during their permanence along the coast of Piauí State, with richness matching insolation and atmospheric pressure.

Abstract Since the second half of 2022, an increase in influenza cases in migratory birds has been reported in Latin America. Influenza A and B viruses are the main agents associated with seasonal epidemic influenza in humans. Influenza A viruses circulate not only in humans but also in animals, including migratory birds. The exchange of genomic RNA segments among two viruses increases the diversity of circulating subtypes and may even facilitate the generation of potentially pandemic viral progeny. The zoonotic nature of influenza A virus can generate infections in humans with animal-origin viruses. Avian-origin influenza A virus has caused transmissions in humans, including severe cases and deaths, with influenza A H5N1 being the most prominent. It is important to take preventive and control measures in case of an increase in influenza cases in migratory birds to prevent possible pandemics in Chile and the world.

Resumen Desde la segunda mitad de 2022 se ha reportado un aumento de casos de influenza en aves migratorias en Latinoamérica. Los virus influenza A y B son los principales agentes asociados a influenza estacional epidémica en humanos. Los virus influenza A circulan no solo en humanos sino también en animales, incluyendo aves migratorias. El intercambio de segmentos de ARN genómico entre dos virus del mismo tipo aumenta la diversidad de los subtipos circulantes e incluso puede facilitar la generación de progenie viral potencialmente pandémica. La naturaleza zoonótica del virus influenza A puede generar infecciones en humanos con virus de origen animal. El virus influenza A de origen aviar ha ocasionado transmisiones en humanos, incluyendo casos graves y muertes, siendo la influenza A H5N1 la más destacada. Es importante tomar medidas de prevención y control en caso de aumento de casos de influenza en aves migratorias para prevenir posibles pandemias en Chile y el mundo.

Abstract The genus Baruscapillaria Moravec, 1982 has six valid species recorded in birds Phalacrocoracidae, namely Baruscapillaria appendiculata Freitas, 1933, B. spiculata Freitas, 1933, B. carbonis (Dubinin & Dubinina, 1940), B. jaenschi (Johnston & Mawson, 1945), B. phalacrocoraxi (Borgarenko, 1975) and B. rudolphii Moravec, Scholz and Našincová, 1994. Helminthological tests carried out on cormorants of the species Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin), a migratory bird that occurs in the northeast of the State of Pará, Brazil, demonstrate B. appendiculata parasitizing the cloaca of these birds, through light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and molecular biology. These studies allowed a redescription of males and females of this nematode in these hosts and in this geographical area through integrative taxonomy. The occurrence of lesions in the cloaca caused by this nematode parasite was registered using histological analysis. This is a new geographic report for this nematode.

Resumo O gênero Baruscapillaria Moravec, 1982 possui seis espécies válidas registradas em aves Phalacrocoracidae, sendo Baruscapillaria appendiculata Freitas, 1933, B. spiculata Freitas, 1933, B. carbonis (Dubinin & Dubinina, 1940), B. jaenschi (Johnston & Mawson, 1945), B. phalacrocoraxi (Borgarenko, 1975) e B. rudolphii Moravec, Scholz & Našincová, 1994. Exames helmintológicos realizados em mergulhões da espécie Phalacrocorax brasilianus (Gmelin), aves migratórias que ocorrem no nordeste do Estado do Pará, Brasil, demonstram B. appendiculata parasitando a cloaca dessas aves, através de microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e biologia molecular. Estes estudos permitiram uma redescrição de machos e fêmeas deste nematódeo, neste hospedeiro e nesta área geográfica, através da taxonomia integrativa. Foi registrada a ocorrência de lesões na cloaca causadas pelo parasitismo desse nematódeo, por meio de análise histológica, sendo um novo registro geográfico elw.

ABSTRACT Parasites infecting migratory birds all over the world are still under investigation. The identification of parasitic taxa infecting ardeids was done concerning their morphological and morphometric features. A total of 20 Bubulcus ibis (Ardeidae) specimens were collected and investigated for nematode parasites. Only one nematode species, belonging to the Heterakidae family, has been identified, with a prevalence rate of 40% (8/20) among infected egrets. The Heterakis species isolated from the lumen of the ceca of the egret host is morphologically and morphometric compatible with Heterakis gallinarum. Additionally, utilizing the partial small subunit ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) genes, maximum parsimony based on the Tamura-Nei model was used to infer the phylogeny of the recovered Heterakis species. The query sequences revealed 99.61% and 97.11% identities for the 18S (MK844591.1) and COI (MF066715.1) genes of the previously mentioned H. gallinarum. In addition to clarifying several morphological features of H. gallinarum, this study also provided new DNA data for this species. The combination of morphological and molecular data could be helpful to other veterinaries in finding a way to treat and control this infection in the cattle egret.

RESUMO Os parasitas que infectam as aves migratórias em todo o mundo ainda estão sendo investigados. A identificação dos táxons parasitas que infectam os ardeídeos foi feita com base em suas características morfológicas e morfométricas. Um total de 20 espécimes de Bubulcus ibis (Ardeidae) foi coletado e investigado quanto a parasitas nematoides. Apenas uma espécie de nematoide, pertencente à família Heterakidae, foi identificada, com uma taxa de prevalência de 40% (8/20) entre as garças infectadas. A espécie Heterakis isolada do lúmen do ceco do hospedeiro garça é morfológica e morfometricamente compatível com Heterakis gallinarum. Além disso, utilizando os genes parciais da subunidade pequena do RNA ribossômico (18S rRNA) e da subunidade I da citocromo c oxidase mitocondrial (COI), a parcimônia máxima baseada no modelo Tamura-Nei foi usada para inferir a filogenia das espécies de Heterakis recuperadas. As sequências de consulta revelaram 99,61% e 97,11% de identidades para o 18S (MK844591.1) e COI (MF066715.1) do H. gallinarum mencionado anteriormente. Além de esclarecer várias características morfológicas do H. gallinarum, este estudo também forneceu novos dados de DNA para essa espécie. A combinação de dados morfológicos e moleculares pode ser útil para que outros veterinários encontrem uma maneira de tratar e controlar essa infecção na garça-vaqueira.

Resumen La lechuza llanera (Athene cunicularia) se considera una especie er rante y migratoria en América Central con muy pocos informes en Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Panamá, Nicaragua y Costa Rica. El 28 de noviembre de 2020 observamos un individuo de Lechu za llanera en La Ceiba, Orotina, provincia de Alajuela, Costa Rica. Este fue un registro inusual para el país, y es importante ya que no ha habido registros confirmados de la especie en Costa Rica durante 120 años. Este avistamiento también enfatiza la importancia del área como hábitat adecuado para aves migratorias y residentes, por lo que su conservación y manejo adecuado es fundamental para preservar la biodiversidad.

Abstarct The Burrowing Owl (Athene cunicularia) is considered a vagrant as well as a migratory species in Central America with very few reports in Honduras, El Salvador, Guatemala, Panama, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica. On 28 November 2020 we observed an individual Burrowing Owl at La Ceiba, Orotina, Alajuela province, Costa Rica. This was an unusual record for the country, and is of importance as there have been no confirmed records of the species in Costa Rica for 120 years. This sighting also emphasizes the importance of the area as a suitable habitat for migratory and resident birds, so its conservation and pro per management is essential to preserve biodiversity.

Resumen A pesar de la extensa red de humedales en el estado de Tabasco y el deterioro de los ecosistemas, existe poca información sobre los patrones de diversidad biológica de los humedales. En el presente estudio, determinamos la diversidad y estructura taxonómica de las aves acuáticas en la laguna Chaschoc en Tabasco, México. De diciembre de 2013 a julio de 2014, realizamos muestreos en 10 puntos de conteo para el registro de las especies de aves acuáticas. Se registraron un total de 3,926 aves pertenecientes a 41 especies, 17 familias y ocho órdenes de aves acuáticas. Adicionalmente, registramos cinco especies de forma no sistemática. Observamos que la mayor riqueza, diversidad y estructura taxonómica de aves acuáticas se presentó en el mes de marzo, cuando la mayoría de las especies migratorias llegaron a la laguna. Nuestros resultados demuestran que este humedal desempeña un papel importante en la conservación de las aves acuáticas ya que alberga el 13% de la avifauna asociada a humedales de México y el 68% de las reportadas en los humedales de Pantanos de Centla. Dichos resultados también reflejan la necesidad de un mayor número de estudios sobre el papel de las lagunas continentales como reservorios de biodiversidad.

Abstract Despite the extensive network of wetlands in the state of Tabasco, and the deterioration of ecosystems, little information exists on the patterns of biological diversity of wetlands. In the present study, we determined the diversity and taxonomic structure of wetland birds in the Chaschoc lagoon in Tabasco, Mexico. From December 2013 to July 2014, we conducted surveys in 10 point counts to register avian species in the wetland. We recorded a total of 3,926 birds belonging to 41 species, 17 families, and eight orders of wetland birds. Additionally, we recorded five species non-systematically. We observed that the highest richness, diversity, and taxonomic structure of wetland birds occurred in March when most of the migratory species arrived at the lagoon. Our results show that this wetland plays an important role in the conservation of wetland birds as it hosts 13% of the avifauna associated with wetlands in Mexico and 68% of those reported in the Pantanos de Centla wetlands. These results also reflect the need for more studies on the role of continental lagoons as reservoirs of biodiversity.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los manglares y las zonas costeras son de vital importancia para la conservación de muchas aves migratorias a las que brindan alimento y refugio, entre ellas el zarapito trinador, Numenius phaeopus, que se detiene en Panamá en una migración hacia el sur y, unos meses después, en una migración hacia el norte. Objetivo: Evaluar la hipótesis de que el ave utiliza diferentes comportamientos de alimentación en la migración hacia el sur y hacia el norte. Métodos: En 2018, medimos el tiempo que las aves dedicaron a picotear exploratoriamente, pararse, caminar, correr y comer, en abril-junio y octubre-noviembre (3-5 días cada mes, N=56 aves). Resultados: En ambas paradas, las aves dedican el mismo tiempo promedio a esas las actividades, en las que predomina la caminata (50% del tiempo relacionado con la alimentación). Conclusión: Esta especie distribuye su tiempo de alimentación de manera similar en ambas paradas en Panamá.

ABSTRACT ''Compared feeding behavior of the bird Numenius phaeopus (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae) in its northbound and southbound migrations through Panama''. Introduction: Mangroves and coastal areas are of vital importance for the conservation of many migratory birds for which they provide food and refuge, including the Eurasian whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus, which stops in Panama in a southbound, and, a few months later, in a northbound migration. Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that the bird uses different feeding behaviors in the southbound and the northbound migration. Methods: In 2018 we measured the time that the birds spent in exploratory pecking, standing, walking, running, and eating, in April-June, and October-November (3-5 days each month, N=56 birds). Results: In both stops, the birds spend the same mean time in all activities, which are dominated by walking (50% of food-related time). Conclusion: This species allocates its feeding time similarly in both stops at Panama.

Resumo: O Parque Estadual Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC), localizado no estremo sul do litoral paulista, reúne um importante remanescente de Floresta Atlântica em bom estado de conservação, carecendo, porém, de um estudo aprofundado sobre a comunidade de aves que habita a ilha. Diante disso, o presente estudo visou a elaborar um inventário das espécies de aves do parque abordando a riqueza, frequência de ocorrência, status de ocorrência e divisão das espécies em guildas. Foram realizadas entre setembro de 2015 e setembro de 2017, 25 expedições de campo com cinco dias de duração cada, incluindo os ecossistemas de manguezal, restinga, floresta, baixio, praia e marinho. O inventário foi realizado combinando três técnicas para estudos ornitológicos: identificação visual, identificação auditiva e captura com redes-de-neblina (cinco pontos fixos no manguezal, restinga e floresta). Foram registradas 335 espécies de aves, sendo 28 espécies consideradas endêmicas para o Brasil e 33 com algum grau de risco de extinção. Setenta e três espécies foram registradas em todos os meses amostrados (FO = 100%), enquanto que 46 apresentaram registros em apenas um mês (FO = 4%). No que se refere ao status de ocorrência, 55% das espécies são residentes, 20% visitantes ocasionais, 13% residentes incomuns, 6% migratórias e 6% visitantes. As espécies registradas permitiram o reconhecimento de 25 guildas com base nos itens alimentares, tamanho corporal e estrato em que comumente forrageiam, sendo as mais representativas na comunidade, as guildas de “Insetívoros de estrato médio” (N = 55), “Onívoros de copa” (N = 33), “Consumidores de Invertebrados Aquáticos” e “Piscívoros” (N = 31). Por fim, com o presente estudo, buscamos através de um significativo esforço em campo trazer um melhor conhecimento no que diz respeito a avifauna do PEIC, que pode vir a servir de base na hora de traçar ações visando ao manejo do parque bem como das unidades de conservação que se distribuem no seu entorno.

Abstract: The Parque Estadual Ilha do Cardoso (PEIC), located on extreme South of São Paulo’s cost, in Brazil, holds an important Atlantic Forest remnant which still in a good state of conservation, but lack a deepen study about the avian community that habits the island. This study aimed to elaborate a census of avian species that occur in the park approaching richness, occurrence frequency, occurrence status and the structure of trophic guilds. A total of 25 field expedictions occurred between September 2015 and September 2017 during five days each, the field work included different ecosystems as mangrove, restinga, forest, sandbank, beach and marine. The census was made combine three different techniques used in ornithological studies: visual identification, auditory identification and catch by mist-nets (with five fixed sites in mangrove, restinga and forest). Were recorded 335 avian species, with 28 of them endemic from Brazil and 33 being threatened with extinction. Seventy-three species were recorded in all sampled months (FO 100%), while 46 were recorded in just one month (FO = 4%). About occurrence status, 55% of species are residents, 20% occasional visitors, 13% unusual residents, 6% migratory and 6% visitors. According the recorded species were recognized 25 trophic guilds based on food items, corporal size and strata that commonly forage, which of most representative in the community, the guild of “of insectivorous of medium-strata” (N = 55), “canopy omnivorous” (N = 33), “aquatic invertebrates consummers” and “piscivorous” (N = 31). Finally, with the current study, we aimed through a significative field effort bring a better knowledge about avifauna of PEIC, which could be a good base when is necessary take actions that aim to park management and the Conservation Unities around it.

ABSTRACT: The Sanctuary of Nature Humedales del río Maullín is a system made up of various types of wetlands, from its origin in Llanquihue Lake to its encounter with the Pacific Ocean. Its great estuary constitutes one of the coastal wetland systems most diverse of continental Chile. The objective of this work was to determine the composition and structure of the community of aquatic birds present in various coastal wetlands of the Maullín River, considering its seasonal variation over six years of study. From 2015 to 2020, seasonal censuses of aquatic birds were conducted in four coastal wetlands of the Maullín River: Las Lajas, Laguna Quenuir, Lepihué-La Pasada, and Amortajado. A total of 68 species of aquatic birds were recorded, of which 70% are residents, and about 30% migratory shorebirds, mostly of boreal origin. The greatest differences in the diversity of aquatic birds were obtained when comparing Laguna Quenuir with the rest of the coastal wetlands studied. This wetland presented a greater particularity in the diversity of birds, therefore, it is advisable to take special management measures for its conservation. On the other hand, the wetlands of Amortajado and Las Lajas presented similar values of richness and abundance of aquatic birds, sharing important abundances of migratory shorebirds such as Phoenicopterus chilensis and Limosa haemastica. The coastal wetlands of the Maullín River correspond to one of the places with the greatest diversity of aquatic birds on the Chilean littoral.

RESUMEN: El Santuario de la Naturaleza Humedales del río Maullín es un sistema compuesto por diversos tipos de humedales, desde su nacimiento en el lago Llanquihue hasta su encuentro con el océano Pacífico. Su gran estuario constituye uno de los complejos de humedales costeros más diversos de Chile continental. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la composición y estructura de la comunidad de aves acuáticas presentes en diversos humedales costeros del río Maullín, considerando su variación estacional a lo largo de seis años de estudio. Desde el año 2015 al 2020, se realizaron censos estacionales de aves acuáticas en cuatro humedales costeros del río Maullín: Las Lajas, Laguna Quenuir, Lepihué-La Pasada y Amortajado. En total se registraron 68 especies de aves acuáticas, de las cuales el 70% son residentes y cerca del 30% aves playeras migratorias mayoritariamente de origen boreal. Las mayores dife rencias en la diversidad de aves acuáticas se obtuvieron al comparar el sitio Laguna Quenuir con el resto de los humedales costeros estudiados. Este humedal presentó una mayor particularidad en la diversidad de aves, por tanto, se recomienda tomar medidas de gestión especiales para su conservación. Por otra parte, los humedales de Amortajado y Las Lajas presentaron valores similares de riqueza y abundancia de aves acuáticas, compartiendo importantes abundancias de aves playeras migratorias como Phoenicopterus chilensis y Limosa haemastica. Los humedales costeros del río Maullín corresponden a uno de los lugares con mayor diversidad de aves acuáticas en el litoral de Chile.

Resumo O presente estudo foi conduzido para examinar a prevalência pontual de parasitas gastrointestinais de codornas migratórias. Devido à sua importância econômica, o controle da ascaridiose é fundamental. Considera-se que a migração de aves aumenta a disseminação global e a transmissão entre espécies de patógenos. O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar A. galli em codornas migratórias, um potencial fator de risco contributivo para a transmissão desse parasita para aves locais. Um total de 230 codornas migratórias foi capturado, usando redes de rotas migratórias no Baluchistão e examinadas sob o microscópio composto para a presença de A. galli. Convencionalmente, o A. galli foi identificado por sua morfologia com a presença de três grandes lábios e ausência de bulbo esofágico posterior. Os resultados revelaram que de 230, 120 (52,17%) codornas foram positivas para A. galli por direcionamento do gene COX1 (533 pb) usando PCR convencional. Além disso, o amplicon foi sequenciado, que mostrou 99% de similaridade com A. galli publicamente disponível no NCBI Gen Bank. A análise filogenética das sequências do nosso parasita isolado indicou a estreita relação com A. galli isolado de galinhas. Em conclusão, codornas migratórias e outras aves migratórias podem desempenhar papel fundamental na disseminação e transmissão desses parasitas e outros patógenos para as galinhas domésticas. Portanto, medidas rigorosas de biossegurança devem ser adotadas, especialmente para granjas comerciais.

Abstract The current study was conducted to examine the point prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of migratory quails. Due to its economic importance, the control of ascaridiosis is critical. Migration of birds is considered to enhance the global spread and cross-species transmission of pathogens. The current study was aimed to detect A.galli in migratory quails, a potential contributory risk factor for transmission of this parasite to local birds. A total of 230 migratory quails were trapped using nets from migratory routes in Balochistan and examined under the compound microscope for the presence of A. galli. Conventionally, A. galli was identified by its morphology with the presence of three large lips and absence of posterior esophageal bulb. Results revealed that out of 230, 120 (52.17%) quails were positive for A. galli by targeting COX1 gene (533 bp) by using conventional PCR. Further, the amplicon was sequenced which showed 99% similarity with A. galli publically available in NCBI Gen Bank. Phylogenetic analysis of sequences of our isolated parasite indicated the close relationship with A.galli isolated from chickens. In conclusion migratory quails and other migratory birds may play a key role in spreading and transmission of these parasites and other pathogens to domestic chicken. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures should be adopted especially for commercial poultry farms.

Resumo A zoocoria mediada por aves aquáticas é um dos principais processos ecológicos que explicam como invertebrados não-voadores habitantes de água doce se dispersam entre áreas úmidas isoladas. A dispersão passiva que ocorre através no interior dos intestinos de aves aquáticas (endozoocoria) pode explicar como estes invertebrados se distribuem na paisagem. Neste trabalho, avaliamos o potencial de dispersão de caramujos aquáticos por endozoocoria promovida por três espécies de aves aquáticas em áreas úmidas neotropicais. No total, 77 amostras fecais de capororoca (Coscoroba coscoroba, n = 28), irerê (Dendrocygna viduata, n = 36) e marreca-pardinha (Anas flavirostris, n = 13) foram coletadas em campo e levadas ao laboratório. As amostras foram examinadas em estereomicroscópio para verificar a presença de conchas de gastrópodes. Encontramos 496 conchas intactas, sendo Heleobia piscium a espécie mais abundante (n = 485). Também encontramos duas conchas de Drepanotrema sp. e nove de outros dois morfotipos de Planorbidae. Os caramujos estiveram presentes em 20,8% de todas as amostras, sendo mais frequentes nas fezes do capororoca (50%). Nossos dados sugerem que caramujos aquáticos podem se dispersar por endozoocoria de aves entre áreas úmidas neotropicais, com vetores incluindo espécies de aves migratórias e residentes.

Abstract Waterbird-mediated zoochory is one of the main ecological mechanisms by which non-flying freshwater invertebrates can disperse between isolated wetlands. Passive dispersal through gut passage inside waterbirds (endozoochory) may explain how many organisms spread in the landscape. Here, we evaluate the potential for dispersal of aquatic snails by three waterbird species in neotropical wetlands. A total of 77 faecal samples from Coscoroba coscoroba (n = 28), Dendrocygna viduata (n = 36) and Anas flavirostris (n = 13) were collected in the field and taken to the laboratory. There, the samples were examined under a stereomicroscope to check for the presence of gastropod shells. We found 496 intact gastropod shells, and Heleobia piscium was the most abundant species (n= 485). We also found two shells of Drepanotrema sp. and nine others distributed between two different morphotypes of Planorbidae. Snails were present in 20.8 % of all samples, and were more frequent in faeces of coscoroba swan (50%) than the other two bird species. Our data suggest that aquatic snails may disperse by avian endozoochory between neotropical wetlands, with vectors including migratory bird species.

RESUMEN En México, los matorrales ocupan el 29.7 % (576,747 km²) de la superficie del país. Estas áreas fungen como refugio de la avifauna. A pesar de su importancia, se desconoce la abundancia y composición avifaunística que pueden llegar a albergar, en específico, el matorral submontano. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) describir la composición avifaunística del matorral submontano de la parte noroeste de Tamaulipas, México, en términos de riqueza, abundancia y diversidad, 2) analizar los gremios tróficos que se presentan en el matorral en función de la variación estacional y 3) conocer los estatus de conservación y endemismos de las especies de aves. Para ello, se realizaron 12 visitas mensuales de febrero de 2019 a enero de 2020, en las que se identificaron 1,858 individuos pertenecientes a 12 órdenes, 26 familias y 93 especies. Las familias de mayor riqueza fueron Cardinalidae y Parulidae. La estación del año más diversa fue la primavera (H’= 3.68). Se identificaron dos especies en peligro de extinción a nivel global y dos endemismos para México. Además, se reportan tres especies no registradas previamente en la región. El presente trabajo, es el primero que reporta la composición y riqueza de aves para la parte noroeste de Tamaulipas, México. Resalta la importancia del matorral submontano como refugio para las aves migratorias y residentes, y se contribuye al conocimiento de la diversidad regional.

ABSTRACT In Mexico, scrub habitat occupies 29.7 % (576,747 km²) of the country's surface. These areas serve as refuges for birds. However, despite their importance, the abundance and composition of birds are unknown, especially in the submontane scrub. The objectives of this work are: 1) to describe the avifaunal composition of the submontane scrub of the northwestern part of Tamaulipas, Mexico, in terms of richness, abundance, and diversity; 2) to analyze the trophic guilds that occur in the scrub as a function of seasonal variation; and 3) to determine the conservation status and endemism of bird species. For this, 12 monthly visits were made from February 2019 to January 2020, during which we identified 1,858 individuals belonging to 12 orders, 26 families, and 93 species. The richest families were Cardinalidae and Parulidae. While the most diverse season of the year was spring (H’= 3.68). Two globally endangered species and two endemic species were identified for Mexico. In addition, three species not previously recorded in the region are reported. This work is the first to report the composition and richness of birds for the northwestern part of Tamaulipas, Mexico. This highlights the importance of the submontane scrub as a refuge for migratory and resident birds. In addition, it contributes to the knowledge of regional diversity.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar el primer inventario de protozoarios y artrópodos de aves acuáticas de la familia Anatidae en México, para lo cual se realizó una colecta de estos grupos de organismos en campo a partir de la revisión de sangre, músculos y plumas de 55 aves acuáticas de 41 especies procedentes de humedales de México y posteriormente se llevó a cabo una revisión de la bibliografía y colecciones biológicas para analizar los datos y desarrollar un listado general con los registros para México. De los anátidos colectados en campo se identificó a Haemoproteus nettionis y a Sarcocystis sp. Con respecto a los artrópodos, se determinaron cinco taxa de piojos, Anaticola sp., Anaticola crassicornis, Anatoecus dentatus, Holomenopon maxbeieri y Trinoton querquedulae, además de tres especies de ácaros, Bdellorhynchus sp., Freyana largifolia y Freyana anatina. Mediante la recopilación de registros publicados en la literatura del año 1989 hasta 2019, se obtuvieron 46 registros de cinco especies de protozoarios y 59 registros de artrópodos correspondientes a nueve especies de piojos y tres de ácaros, asociados con 15 especies de aves de la familia Anatidae, distribuidos en diez estados de la República Mexicana (Coahuila, Durango, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala y Yucatán). También se realizaron mapas de la distribución actual de los protozoarios y artrópodos que parasitan a especies de este grupo de aves en México. El conocimiento sobre las especies de protozoarios y ectoparásitos que se asocian con aves acuáticas de la familia Anatidae contribuye a la elaboración de planes y programas de manejo de especies para garantizar la conservación de las aves migratorias en Norteamérica. El conocimiento de la distribución de los patógenos que afectan a estas aves podrá sustentar la toma de decisiones, principalmente para aplicar estrategias de medicina preventiva que ayuden a la conservación de las especies de hospederos a fin de poder mantenerlos a largo plazo en nuestro país.

ABSTRACT The aim of this research was to develop the first checklist of protozoa and arthropods recovered from blood, muscles, and feathers of 55 waterfowl of the family Anatidae, from wetlands of Mexico. Two protozoan taxa were identified: Haemoproteus nettionis and Sarcocystis sp. Regarding the arthropods, five lice taxa were identified, Anaticola sp., Anaticola crassicornis, Anatoecus dentatus, Holomenopon maxbeieri y Trinoton querquedulae, also, three mite taxa were recorded, Bdellorhynchus sp., Freyana largifolia and Freyana anatina. Maps were also made of the current distribution of protozoa and arthropods that parasitize species of this group of birds in Mexico, through the compilation of records published in the literature, records were obtained from 1989 to 2019; we obtained 46 records of five species of protozoa and 59 records of arthropods corresponding to nine species of lice and three of mites, associated with 15 species of birds of the family Anatidae, distributed in ten states of the Mexican Republic (Coahuila, Durango, Estado de México, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Puebla, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Tlaxcala and Yucatán). Maps were also made of the current distribution of protozoa and arthropods that parasitize species of this group of birds in Mexico. Knowledge of the protozoan and ectoparasite species associated with waterfowl of the family Anatidae contributes to the development of species management plans and programs to guarantee the conservation of migratory birds in North America. Knowledge of the distribution of the pathogens that affect these birds can support decision making, mainly to apply preventive medicine strategies that help the conservation of the host species in order to maintain them in the long term in our country.